CoHP - SoP - Student Works

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Browsing CoHP - SoP - Student Works by Author "Canham, Spencer"

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    CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVES IN BLUEBERRY-DERIVED EXOSOMES: NEW INSIGHTS INTO A POTENTIAL ANTIOXIDATION NANOMEDICINE
    (2023-04-20) Dunham, Kaitlyn; Canham, Spencer; Palmer, Emilie; Bai, Shuhua; Yang, Tianzhi
    Blueberries provide evident benefits of reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, improving cognitive function, and protecting against neurodegenerative diseases as a “super” fruit. However, high levels of bioactive molecules in blueberries, such as anthocyanin, have poor stability and absorption, leading to low bioavailability in the brain. Exosomes attract strong interest as an important vehicle of intercellular communication and as a delivery carrier of bioactive molecules. Herein, the study focuses on characterizing blueberry-derived exosomal nano-vesicles that contain bioactive molecules, and determining if they have better stability and are more readily taken up by cells. Blueberry juice was directly extracted with an electric blender and passed through filter papers. The collected juice was sequentially centrifuged at 1,000 × g for 10 min, 3,000 × g for 20 min, and 10,000 × g for 40 min at 4 °C to remove large particles and debris. The final supernatant was centrifuged at 100,000 × g for 30 min to obtain exosomes. The exosome morphology was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the particle size was determined with a Nano Sizing Analyzer. The exosomes had a size of 82.7±6.4 nm and appeared as individually sphere-shaped morphology as shown in SEM images. Exosomes were analyzed and quantified for total proteins and RNAs. Well-known exosome-unique markers, including Cis-Golgi matrix protein GM130, adaptor protein and sort cargo ALIX, tumor susceptibility gene TSG10, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), apoptosis ANXA5, integral membrane protein FLOT, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCam), and transmembrane tetraspanin family CD63 and CD81, were detected by an Exo-Check array. MicroRNA sequencing analysis revealed that the intersection between differentially expressed genes and miRNAs contained in exosomes could unveil a set of candidate target genes. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) study demonstrated that the exosomes showed cytotoxicity in neural cancerous cells. The characterized exosomes with biomolecules may deliver therapeutic molecules in the brain and target neural cells, leading to improved efficacy in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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    INVESTIGATING BLUEBERRY-DERIVED EXOSOMES AS A NOVEL APPROACH IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE THERAPY
    (2024-04-18) Warner, April; Canham, Spencer; Yang, Tianzhi; Bai, Shuhua
    Blueberries are renowned for their neuroprotective properties, including their ability to mitigate oxidative stress and enhance cognitive function, making them promising candidates for combating neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigates the potential of blueberry-derived exosomes (BBDExo) as a novel nanosized antioxidant system for neurodegenerative disease therapy. BBDExo were isolated from blueberries through sequential centrifugation and analyzed for protein and polyphenol content. Their stability under gastrointestinal conditions and their uptake by brain endothelial bEND.3 cells were assessed, along with their effects on neuronal SH-SY5Y cells, to ascertain their therapeutic potential. The results showed that BBDExo displayed a nanosized, oval-shaped morphology, averaging 82.7±6.4 nm in size. They demonstrated stability in simulated gastrointestinal environments, maintaining their polyphenol content for up to 4 hours. The uptake of BBDExo by bEND.3 cells was dose-dependent, indicating potential for blood-brain barrier transport. Furthermore, BBDExo significantly enhanced the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells, with a peak increase of 158.8±1.8% at a concentration of 25 µg/mL. Additionally, BBDExo notably reduced the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 in stressed SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest that BBDExo offer improved stability and enhanced cellular uptake of bioactive compounds, potentially increasing their effectiveness in neurological applications. The ability of BBDExo to interact with targeted brain inflammatory cells and regulate anti-inflammatory responses demonstrates their promise as an innovative nanomedicine for neurodegenerative diseases, potentially leading to improved therapeutic efficacy and disease management.