Browsing by Author "White, Cassandra"

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    COMPENSATION FOR BOARD OF PHARMACY MEMBERS IN THE UNITED STATES
    (2023-04-20) Pham, Hannah; Ifeji, Chidubem; White, Cassandra
    Background: No published data exists regarding compensation and demographic differences between the memberships of the 50 United States (U.S.) Boards of Pharmacy. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare the per diem pay rate for U.S. Board of Pharmacy members. Board member demographics and compensation for mileage and meals were also evaluated. Methods: In June 2022, each state Board of Pharmacy was contacted to gather data including per diem pay, mileage and meal compensation, number of meetings per year, number and gender of Board members, length of appointment, and regulatory statutes. Results: The average per diem pay for Board members was $75.86 (median = $50.00, range = $0.00 to $250.00, n = 48 states). Most states report paying Board members for mileage (95.1%, n = 39 out of 41) and meals (80.0%, n = 28 out of 35). On average, Boards are composed of 8.3 members (median = 7.5, range = 5-17, n = 50), meet 8.3 times annually (median = 8, range 3-16, n = 47), and have a 4.5 year length of appointment (median = 4, range = 3-6, n = 47). Males represented 61.2% of occupied Board positions and pharmacists accounted for 74.1% of all positions. The average year for pharmacy statute update was 2002. Conclusion: Compensation for U.S. Board of Pharmacy members varies greatly, from unpaid (n = 8 states) to a high of $250.00 per diem. Only 38.8% of occupied Board positions are held by women and pharmacy technicians represent just 3.6% of all positions. Fair compensation, increased female and pharmacy technician representation, and more timely pharmacy statute updates are necessary in order to achieve inclusion, diversity, and equity between state Boards of Pharmacy.
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    DISCIPLINARY OUTCOMES FOR MAINE BOARD OF PHARMACY COMPLAINTS IN 2022
    (2024-04-18) White, Cassandra; Dumont, Erica; Mroz, Katherine
    The purpose of the licensing system regulated by the Maine Board of Pharmacy (MeBOP) is to protect the public against 1. dishonest or unethical licensees, and 2. licensees who have fallen below minimum standards of competence in the practice of pharmacy. Violators are subject to disciplinary action that can range from a formal warning to license revocation, with or without civil penalties. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare complaints submitted to the MeBOP for the 2022 calendar year. The majority of complaints in 2022 were against pharmacists (57.9%, n = 66 of 114 complaints), consistent with disciplinary records for all United States (U.S) Boards of Pharmacy (BOP)1. 78.8% were licensed as a pharmacist-in-charge (PIC). The MeBOP had far less complaints against pharmacy technicians (1.8%, n = 2 of 114) compared to U.S. BOPs (25.2%, n = 1,309 of 5,196)1. There was a high number of dismissed complaints (53.5%), while 14% resulted in a letter of guidance and 32.5% were offered consent agreements. 21.9% of complaints were against licensees with prior discipline. The average civil penalty (n = 34 of 114) was $12,000 (median = $1,625, range = $250 - $175,000). Investigation into complaint data for U.S. BOPs is necessary in order to establish best practices for the management of complaints, complaint outcomes, and the impact of complaints on licensees. The MeBOP and other U.S. BOPs can collect and use complaint data to contemplate ways to promote a more just culture. Future studies are needed to evaluate the number of complaints each U.S. BOP receives, PIC designation and license status, types of violations (e.g. prescription misfill, drug diversion), ways to promote the reduction of recidivism, as well as the civil penalties and how these compare across states. 1. NABP Clearinghouse Update - 2022. Innovations. March 2023;52(3):7.
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    IMPACT OF PHARMACISTS EMBEDDED IN A GERIATRIC MEDICINE FELLOWSHIP
    (2024-04-18) White, Cassandra; Hartsig, Angela
    Maine Dartmouth Geriatric Medicine (MDGM) provides primary and specialty consultative care to adults age 65 and older using an interprofessional team approach consisting of geriatricians, social workers, nurses, and medical assistants as well as student learners including medical fellows, residents, and students. The practice site also houses the Maine-Dartmouth Geriatric Medicine Fellowship. In July 2020, the first Husson University School of Pharmacy (HUSOP) pharmacy practice faculty member was embedded into MDGM, followed by a second faculty member joining the practice site in July 2021. Both faculty worked to establish an interprofessional pharmacist-led medication review service with each offering a 6-week Ambulatory Care Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) for final-year Doctor of Pharmacy students throughout the academic year. For each patient visit, the pharmacy team provides a comprehensive medication review with the patient and then offers recommendations to providers regarding medication management such as addressing falls and mobility issues, polypharmacy and adverse drug events, affordability, and other common geriatric syndromes. This is an ongoing retrospective study in which the historical “Patient Experience Survey” data from MDGM patient visits that occurred in July 2019-July 2020 (before pharmacists started at MDGM), July 2020-July 2021 (first pharmacist started at MDGM), and July 2021-2022 (second pharmacist started at MDGM) is currently being collected. The “Patient Experience Survey” contains two medication-related questions including: “Did someone in this provider’s office review your medications with you?” and “Did someone in this provider’s office talk about the cost of your prescription medicine?” For each of these two questions, the percentage of patients who answered “Yes, definitely” or “Yes, mostly” and will be reviewed to observe if there was an improvement in response rate with the embedding of the pharmacist(s) at MDGM.