Person: Scott, Wayne
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https://www.husson.edu/directory/wayne_scott
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Associate Professor, Interim Chair School of Physical Therapy
Last Name
Scott
First Name
Wayne
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Degrees Held
PhD Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware
MPT, University of Delaware
B.S. Anthropology, University of Delaware
MPT, University of Delaware
B.S. Anthropology, University of Delaware
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Publication BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION TRAINING: A CASE STUDY(2025-04-17) Artkop, Kyle; Goodwin, Payton; Palmer, Emelia; Villanova, Brianna; Scott, WayneThe following study was conducted to determine the efficacy of blood flow restriction training (BFRT) in improving residual quadriceps weakness as an alternative therapeutic intervention for increasing knee strength and stability. The participant demonstrated persistent quadriceps weakness despite previous physical therapy interventions for a MCL and medial meniscus tear of the knee. Two sessions per week for eight weeks of BFRT were performed on the involved quadriceps, utilizing a tourniquet at 80% occlusion pressure. The participant performed the following unilateral exercises: seated knee extensions, step-downs, and leg presses. The participant completed sets of 30, 15, 15, and 15 repetitions, or went to failure. Thirty-second rest breaks were provided between sets during each exercise with the occlusion maintained. At the completion of each exercise, the pressure was released, and a 2-minute non-occluded rest break was taken. Occlusion was restored for the next exercise. At the end of the 8-week training period, the participant's knee extensor strength was retested with a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The findings indicated a 5.6 Nm increase in the MVC of the involved quadriceps, demonstrating an improvement in strength. In addition the participant reported there was decreased joint pain, as well as improved knee stability during activities of daily living. These findings warrant further research into the efficacy of BFRT as an alternative treatment method for patients with persistent quadriceps weakness.Publication CAN BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION TRAINING REVERSE LONG-STANDING QUADRICEPS WEAKNESS?(2024-04-18) Gregoire, Jacob; Hammill, Elizabeth; Lemay, Amber; Olsen, Madison; Sargent, Hannah; Scott, WayneBackground: Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFRT) involves the application of a tourniquet device during resistance exercises, offering a method for muscle strengthening with low-load training, which reduces stress on joints and tissues. BFRT is commonly employed in rehabilitating injuries of the knee including ligament injuries and damage to the menisci. Previous studies suggest that BFRT induces hypertrophy through a combined response to metabolic stress and mechanical tension. Purpose: This study investigated if BFRT could address long-standing quadriceps weakness following ACL, medial meniscus and MCL injury, commonly referred to as the "unhappy triad." Study Design: A case study was conducted on a 24-year-old female soccer player, five years postoperative ACL and meniscus repair, who reported knee pain, weakness, and instability during functional activities and sports. Methods: The participant underwent BFRT sessions twice a week for eight weeks. Exercises were performed with 80% blood flow restriction on the affected limb, interrupting arterial blood flow during 3 exercises with a 2-minute rest break in between exercises during which the cuff was deflated. Exercises included unilateral knee extensions, step-ups, and leg presses, comprising four sets of each exercise with repetitions of 30, 15, 15, and 15, with 30 seconds of rest in between each set. Results: Our study revealed improvements in maximal volitional isometric contraction (MVIC) torque, burst torque, self-reported confidence, and thigh symmetry. MVIC torque of the affected limb increased by 8.5% and burst torque increased by 23% indicating enhanced strength. Conclusion: The case study highlights promising outcomes of BFRT in improving strength in the knee extensor muscles of persons with chronic weakness. Future research should explore qualitative assessments and BMI, skinfold measurements, and functional evaluations to provide a comprehensive understanding of BFRT's efficacy.Publication KNEEHAB FATIGUE STUDY(2025-04-17) Marvin, Nicholas; Pomerleau, Avery; Triplett, Hunter; Scott, WayneExcessive muscle fatigue is a limiting factor when using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to strengthen muscles. The purpose of this research was to explore the effects of the multipath Kneehab electrical stimulation garment as compared to a more typical unipath stimulator on fatigue in the quadriceps muscle. It has been claimed that the Kneehab reduces muscle fatigue, perhaps increasing its efficacy as a therapeutic device. This study used 7 participants as their own control. Participants’ strength was tested using a Biodex dynamometer to measure isometric knee extensor torque. The maximum volitional contraction (MVC) muscle torque on the right leg was measured and then the Kneehab was tested on this leg. The Kneehab intensity was increased to the maximum tolerated intensity for a 10 second duration contraction. After a 5 minute rest, a 15 contraction fatigue protocol was conducted. There was a 1:1 ratio of on/off times (10 sec on/10 sec off). A similar protocol was then repeated using the left leg and a unipath Grass Stimulator. The intensity was set to elicit a similar percentage of the MVC torque as was tested with the Kneehab on the right leg. Fatigue indexes were calculated using the peak torque from the first contraction and the peak torque produced by the 15th contraction. The average peak torque of the 15 contractions for each device was also measured. We did not observe any significant differences. There were minimal differences between the Kneehab and Grass stimulators for average peak torque (p = .30) and the fatigue indexes (p = .64). There were no significant findings to suggest the Kneehab produces less muscle fatigue as compared to a traditional unipolar NMES device. However, because we only had 7 participants, we may have been underpowered to detect a difference.Publication BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION TRAINING FOR CHRONIC QUADRICEPS ATROPHY AND WEAKNESS(2026-04-16) Dick, Braden; Gravit, Tara; Hunter, Hayden; Proulx, Tyler; Scott, WayneBlood flow restriction training (BFRT) is an exercise modality that utilizes blood flow occlusion in the affected extremity during low-load training. Partially occluding blood flow leads to a hypoxemic state in the affected limb, resulting in build-up of anabolic metabolites, cellular swelling, and increased recruitment of fast-twitch muscle fibers. BFRT stresses muscles differently from typical high-load training. The purpose of this study was to determine if BFRT can reverse long-standing quadriceps atrophy and weakness in an individual following an ACL reconstruction and meniscus repair. A single subject with residual quadriceps atrophy, weakness, and functional impairment trained with BFRT for 8-weeks. The subject participated in two training sessions per week targeting the affected extremity, consisting of three quadriceps exercises at 80% occlusion following a 30, 15, 15, 15 repetition protocol. Outcome measures included thigh circumference and lower extremity strength, which were tested prior to, every 2 weeks during the intervention, and one-week post-training. Functional outcomes were assessed with video analysis of movement and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scale (KOOS) at the start and end of the study. After the 8-week training period, a 1-week F/U was conducted to reassess the subjects' knee extensor strength (MVIC), thigh circumference, and KOOS. Thigh circumference decreased across measurement sites (involved limb: 45 to 43 cm at 5 cm superior to the top of patella and 53.5 to 50.5 cm 15 cm superior to the top of patella). Strength asymmetry declined from 69.8% to 49.8% of the uninvolved limb. KOOS improved from 81.55 to 88.10 with subscale increases in symptoms (57.14 to 67.86), sport/rec (70.00 to 90.00), and QoL (50 to 62.5). This study suggests that despite decreases in quadriceps strength and size, BFRT may improve functional outcomes.Publication KNEEHAB MULTIPLE ELECTRICAL STIMULATION AND MUSCLE FATIGUE(2026-04-16) Bryant, Alexander; Meeker, Victoria; Russell, Lindsey; Scott, WayneExcessive muscle fatigue (MF) is a limiting factor when using neuromuscular electrical stimulation to strengthen muscles. Stimulation strategies minimizing MF may result in increased strength gains. The purpose of the study was to compare MF produced in the quadriceps muscle via a multipolar Kneehab electrical stimulation garment (MKESG) versus a monopolar stimulator. We hypothesized that MKESG would produce less MF than the monopolar stimulator. Fifteen participants were tested using a Biodex dynamometer to measure isometric knee extensor torque. Maximum volitional isometric contraction (MVIC) muscle torque of the right leg was measured. MKESG intensity was increased to the maximum tolerated intensity for a 10-second contraction. After 5-minutes rest, a 15-contraction fatigue protocol was conducted using a 10-second on/off ratio. Peak torque of each contraction was recorded. The protocol was then repeated using the left leg and a monopolar Grass Stimulator (MGS). Intensity was set to elicit a similar initial percentage of the MVIC torque as tolerated on the right. Fatigue indexes were calculated for both conditions by dividing final contraction peak torque by initial. Average peak torque was also recorded. Paired t-tests were used for statistical analysis. We did not observe significant differences. The mean fatigue index for the MKESG was 0.44 ± 0.13 as compared to 0.43 ± 0.14 for the MGS (p = 0.34). Average peak torque for the MKESG was 31.17 ± 17.77 Nm versus 27.65 ± 16.05 Nm for the MGS (p = 0.07). Our results suggest that the MKESG stimulator does not reduce electrically elicited MF as compared to the MGS, clinicians wishing to do so should explore alternative strategies.