2024

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INVESTIGATING BLUEBERRY-DERIVED EXOSOMES AS A NOVEL APPROACH IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE THERAPY
(2024-04-18) Warner, April; Canham, Spencer; Yang, Tianzhi; Bai, Shuhua
Blueberries are renowned for their neuroprotective properties, including their ability to mitigate oxidative stress and enhance cognitive function, making them promising candidates for combating neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigates the potential of blueberry-derived exosomes (BBDExo) as a novel nanosized antioxidant system for neurodegenerative disease therapy. BBDExo were isolated from blueberries through sequential centrifugation and analyzed for protein and polyphenol content. Their stability under gastrointestinal conditions and their uptake by brain endothelial bEND.3 cells were assessed, along with their effects on neuronal SH-SY5Y cells, to ascertain their therapeutic potential. The results showed that BBDExo displayed a nanosized, oval-shaped morphology, averaging 82.7±6.4 nm in size. They demonstrated stability in simulated gastrointestinal environments, maintaining their polyphenol content for up to 4 hours. The uptake of BBDExo by bEND.3 cells was dose-dependent, indicating potential for blood-brain barrier transport. Furthermore, BBDExo significantly enhanced the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells, with a peak increase of 158.8±1.8% at a concentration of 25 µg/mL. Additionally, BBDExo notably reduced the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 in stressed SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest that BBDExo offer improved stability and enhanced cellular uptake of bioactive compounds, potentially increasing their effectiveness in neurological applications. The ability of BBDExo to interact with targeted brain inflammatory cells and regulate anti-inflammatory responses demonstrates their promise as an innovative nanomedicine for neurodegenerative diseases, potentially leading to improved therapeutic efficacy and disease management.
THE CHANCE TO DANCE
(2024-04-18) Aubin-Hoyle, Katherine; Lawrence, Abigail; Dempsey, Brooke
Adaptive dance is a movement in the dance community aimed at supporting the disabled community on their journey toward mental and physical wellness through leisure. Dance can benefit motor, social, cognitive, and emotional skills for those who participate (Hughes, 2020). Occupational therapists work with individuals of all ages in engaging in all areas of occupation including play, leisure, and social participation. Through dance, our bodies engage in physical activities that improve our motor, social, cognitive, and emotional skills. Barriers to inclusion has been outlined in the literature and include geographical and financial barriers, paired with a lack of classes that accommodate the sensory needs of potential participants (Illef et al., 2022; Shields & Synnot, 2016). Inclusion in rural areas is particularly limited. The Chance to Dance is a phenomonoligical qualitative study that sought to understand the benefits and barriers to participation in adaptive dance for children and young adults with mental or physical disabilities. The researchers aimed to (1) understand how adaptive dance programs socially and leisurely benefit children and young adults with disabilities, (2) assess how an adaptive dance program accommodates the sensory/physical needs of disabled individuals, (3) assess how an adaptive program allows disabled dancers to establish a sense of community, and (4) to understand the accessibility of adaptive dance in a Maine rural community. Participants of this study included caregivers of dancers, adult dancers who participate in adaptive dance classes, and teachers of adaptive dance. Participants are associated with a dance studio in rural Maine. Interviews were conducted and written data collected was analyzed using a qualitative thematic analysis. This presentation will provide insight into the lived experiences of dance instructors and caregivers on adaptive dance and provide a thorough overview of the literature surrounding adaptive dance and benefits to the field of occupational therapy. Iliff, S., Mariani,H., Swiecki, G., Patel, P., Rocha, S., Edwards, B., Sondergeld,M., Downey, T. (2022). Parental Perspectives on Inclusive Dance Program: Their Child’s Experiences and Outcomes. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol. 76. doi: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2022.76S1-P Shields, N., Synnot, A. Perceived barriers and facilitators to participation in physical activity for children with disability: a qualitative study. BMC Pediatrics 16, 9 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0544-7
RELIABILITY OF THE BALANCE ERROR SCORING SYSTEM IN STUDENTS: REAL TIME VS. ASYNCHRONOUS ANALYSIS
(2024-04-18) Arnold, Anne E.; Bubar, Britney A.; Caputo, Alyssa A.; Morin, Tyler J.; Siegel, Sondra
Purpose/Hypothesis: Postural control in stance is often assessed following a concussion using the Balance Error Score System (BESS). The BESS includes observation of a person’s balance in 6 different positions. The rater counts how many balance errors occur during each condition. If a patient makes a large number of errors in rapid succession, it may be difficult for the rater to count them accurately, leading to a decrease in reliability. Thus the purpose of this study was to determine whether reliability of the BESS could be improved by using a videorecording of the test, allowing raters to manipulate the recording as needed. Previous studies have shown that the reliability of the BESS is good for novice raters and much higher for experts. Our hypothesis was that viewing a video recording of a participant performing the BESS would improve the reliability for novice raters. Methods: Two pairs of two student researchers were trained by the primary investigator in the scoring of the BESS. Forty-six healthy participants were then recruited by word of mouth and fliers. Each participant performed the BESS while being video recorded and observed by one pair of students. Each student independently scored the participant’s performance. Six weeks later, each student independently scored the video recordings of the same participants. Intraclass Coefficients (ICC) were generated to determine interrater and intrarater reliability. Results: For both pairs, the ICC showed greater agreement for the total BESS scores of the live sessions (.72 and .90) as compared to the recorded sessions (.52 and .74). ICCs for intrarater reliability ranged from .34 to .71. Conclusions: Watching and manipulating a recording of a BESS test does not lead to improved reliability among novice raters. Scoring of the BESS test should be done based on the live session.
METHYLMERCURY ALTERATION IN THERMOGENESIS IS DIET DEPENDENT IN CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS
(2024-04-18) Varney, Abigail; Radzimirski, Anthony; Caito, Samuel
Thermogenesis is the process by which adipocytes metabolize triglycerides (TAG) to release energy as heat. This process is disrupted in metabolic syndrome, leading to increased TAG levels and weight gain. Methylmercury (MeHg) is an environmental toxin that has both neurotoxic and metabolic effects. We have previously shown that MeHg disrupts lipid homeostasis, leading to increased TAG content and storage sites in Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, we have shown that TAG content in response to MeHg is dependent on their Escherichia coli diet. Worms fed a low lipid containing strain (HT115) showed less lipid dysregulation than worms fed a high lipid containing strain (OP50). As we have seen accumulation of TAG in response to MeHg, we hypothesized that MeHg could reduce thermogenesis in C. elegans. Worms were treated with environmentally relevant doses of MeHg, fed either OP50 or HT115, and were grown to adulthood at 15 or 25˚C. Worms were then placed at 4˚C for 48 hours and scored for survival. Untreated worms maintained at 15˚C and fed either diet were able to survive the temperature shift. MeHg significantly decreased survival of worms fed OP50 diet following the 15 to 4˚C shift, suggesting that thermoregulation was inhibited by MeHg. In contrast, MeHg had minimal effects on the survival of worms fed HT115 diet following the 15 to 4˚C shift. Shifting worms from 25 to 4˚C is lethal to all worms fed OP50. However, the HT115 diet prevented lethality in untreated or MeHg treated worms shifted from 25 to 4˚C. These data suggest that the HT115 diet is protective and can induce thermogenesis. Heat generation derives from mitochondria. HT115 fed worms had improved mitochondrial health in response to MeHg than OP50 fed worms. Taken together, our data suggests that MeHg-dependent mitochondrial damage is diet dependent leading to alterations in thermogenesis.
THE VALUE OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING IN CAPE COAST, GHANA FOR DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY STUDENTS
(2024-04-18) Banks, Emily; Fonger, Sierra; Kelsey, Heather; Malinen, Hannah; LaPrino, Stephanie
Background & Purpose: This project explores the reflections of final year Husson University (HU) doctor of physical therapy (DPT) students following a three-week immersion experience in the physiotherapy (PT) department at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH) in Cape Coast, Ghana. International experiential learning has many benefits regarding healthcare including: expansion of skills, increased knowledge of different healthcare systems, improved critical thinking for treatment approaches, and appreciation for uncommon diagnoses. Experiential learning additionally aids in personal development, including improved social and communication skills, adaptability, self-awareness, and cultural awareness. Methods: HU partnered with Child Family Health International (CFHI) for this learning experience and completed preparatory work prior to arrival including a zoom meeting with CFHI’s local medical director and modules focused on increasing cultural awareness, safety and insight into service-learning. During the three-week immersion at CCTH, students independently rotated between three different PT settings including inpatient, pediatric outpatient, and orthopedic outpatient. Each student also participated in the weekly club-foot clinic and were given the opportunity to collaborate with Ghanaian physical therapists, gaining insight into the educational and occupational differences in the PT profession. Additionally, DPT students performed a needs assessment of the clinic, creating a list of items and resources needed for improved treatment. Reflection & Limitations: The partnership with CFHI and CCTH gave HU DPT students great insight into the expectations of global learning. The pros and cons discussed in literature are aligned with the experience of HU’s DPT students, seen through positive interactions and lasting relationships formed with staff in the PT department. Revealed limitations include language preparation, prior clinical knowledge and differences in healthcare system structure, reducing optimal communication effectiveness. Future student recommendations include more prior clinical experience, an introduction into the local dialect, and potential meetings with CCTH staff prior to arrival to discuss caseloads, the clinic environment, and expectations.
DISCIPLINARY OUTCOMES FOR MAINE BOARD OF PHARMACY COMPLAINTS IN 2022
(2024-04-18) White, Cassandra; Dumont, Erica; Mroz, Katherine
The purpose of the licensing system regulated by the Maine Board of Pharmacy (MeBOP) is to protect the public against 1. dishonest or unethical licensees, and 2. licensees who have fallen below minimum standards of competence in the practice of pharmacy. Violators are subject to disciplinary action that can range from a formal warning to license revocation, with or without civil penalties. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare complaints submitted to the MeBOP for the 2022 calendar year. The majority of complaints in 2022 were against pharmacists (57.9%, n = 66 of 114 complaints), consistent with disciplinary records for all United States (U.S) Boards of Pharmacy (BOP)1. 78.8% were licensed as a pharmacist-in-charge (PIC). The MeBOP had far less complaints against pharmacy technicians (1.8%, n = 2 of 114) compared to U.S. BOPs (25.2%, n = 1,309 of 5,196)1. There was a high number of dismissed complaints (53.5%), while 14% resulted in a letter of guidance and 32.5% were offered consent agreements. 21.9% of complaints were against licensees with prior discipline. The average civil penalty (n = 34 of 114) was $12,000 (median = $1,625, range = $250 - $175,000). Investigation into complaint data for U.S. BOPs is necessary in order to establish best practices for the management of complaints, complaint outcomes, and the impact of complaints on licensees. The MeBOP and other U.S. BOPs can collect and use complaint data to contemplate ways to promote a more just culture. Future studies are needed to evaluate the number of complaints each U.S. BOP receives, PIC designation and license status, types of violations (e.g. prescription misfill, drug diversion), ways to promote the reduction of recidivism, as well as the civil penalties and how these compare across states. 1. NABP Clearinghouse Update - 2022. Innovations. March 2023;52(3):7.
IMPACT OF PHARMACISTS EMBEDDED IN A GERIATRIC MEDICINE FELLOWSHIP
(2024-04-18) White, Cassandra; Hartsig, Angela
Maine Dartmouth Geriatric Medicine (MDGM) provides primary and specialty consultative care to adults age 65 and older using an interprofessional team approach consisting of geriatricians, social workers, nurses, and medical assistants as well as student learners including medical fellows, residents, and students. The practice site also houses the Maine-Dartmouth Geriatric Medicine Fellowship. In July 2020, the first Husson University School of Pharmacy (HUSOP) pharmacy practice faculty member was embedded into MDGM, followed by a second faculty member joining the practice site in July 2021. Both faculty worked to establish an interprofessional pharmacist-led medication review service with each offering a 6-week Ambulatory Care Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) for final-year Doctor of Pharmacy students throughout the academic year. For each patient visit, the pharmacy team provides a comprehensive medication review with the patient and then offers recommendations to providers regarding medication management such as addressing falls and mobility issues, polypharmacy and adverse drug events, affordability, and other common geriatric syndromes. This is an ongoing retrospective study in which the historical “Patient Experience Survey” data from MDGM patient visits that occurred in July 2019-July 2020 (before pharmacists started at MDGM), July 2020-July 2021 (first pharmacist started at MDGM), and July 2021-2022 (second pharmacist started at MDGM) is currently being collected. The “Patient Experience Survey” contains two medication-related questions including: “Did someone in this provider’s office review your medications with you?” and “Did someone in this provider’s office talk about the cost of your prescription medicine?” For each of these two questions, the percentage of patients who answered “Yes, definitely” or “Yes, mostly” and will be reviewed to observe if there was an improvement in response rate with the embedding of the pharmacist(s) at MDGM.
CAN BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION TRAINING REVERSE LONG-STANDING QUADRICEPS WEAKNESS?
(2024-04-18) Gregoire, Jacob; Hammill, Elizabeth; Lemay, Amber; Olsen, Madison; Sargent, Hannah; Scott, Wayne
Background: Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFRT) involves the application of a tourniquet device during resistance exercises, offering a method for muscle strengthening with low-load training, which reduces stress on joints and tissues. BFRT is commonly employed in rehabilitating injuries of the knee including ligament injuries and damage to the menisci. Previous studies suggest that BFRT induces hypertrophy through a combined response to metabolic stress and mechanical tension. Purpose: This study investigated if BFRT could address long-standing quadriceps weakness following ACL, medial meniscus and MCL injury, commonly referred to as the "unhappy triad." Study Design: A case study was conducted on a 24-year-old female soccer player, five years postoperative ACL and meniscus repair, who reported knee pain, weakness, and instability during functional activities and sports. Methods: The participant underwent BFRT sessions twice a week for eight weeks. Exercises were performed with 80% blood flow restriction on the affected limb, interrupting arterial blood flow during 3 exercises with a 2-minute rest break in between exercises during which the cuff was deflated. Exercises included unilateral knee extensions, step-ups, and leg presses, comprising four sets of each exercise with repetitions of 30, 15, 15, and 15, with 30 seconds of rest in between each set. Results: Our study revealed improvements in maximal volitional isometric contraction (MVIC) torque, burst torque, self-reported confidence, and thigh symmetry. MVIC torque of the affected limb increased by 8.5% and burst torque increased by 23% indicating enhanced strength. Conclusion: The case study highlights promising outcomes of BFRT in improving strength in the knee extensor muscles of persons with chronic weakness. Future research should explore qualitative assessments and BMI, skinfold measurements, and functional evaluations to provide a comprehensive understanding of BFRT's efficacy.
CURRENT PRACTICE OF SCREENING FOR DEPRESSION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH POST-STROKE APHASIA
(2024-04-18) Bucklin, Calista; LeBoeuf, Clarence; Drakopoulos, Anthony; Davis, Kimberly
This study aims to identify current practices regarding mental health assessment protocols and tools utilized among practicing occupational therapists (OT) and occupational therapist assistants (OTA) currently working with clients who have experienced post-stroke aphasia. This was done by creating a survey that gathered information surrounding participants' current knowledge of depression among aphasic patients, what the current practice is at their place of work around screening for depression in patients with Aphasia, and whether or not they think a protocol would be beneficial for this population. The Husson IRB approved this study as a qualitative study with a descriptive design and non-probability sampling. An invitation to participate was sent through two American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) CommunOT listservs. In addition, the invitation was sent to all members of the Maine and New Hampshire Occupational Therapy Associations. Data was collected anonymously using Google Forms. The survey was open and available between March 12 and April 5, 2024. Preliminary data identifies the majority of practitioners working with clients with post-stroke aphasia are occupational therapists with between 2 and 24 years of experience and a median of 10 years. Approximately 18% of respondents are not aware of the prevalence of individuals who experience post-stroke aphasia and nearly 46% state that they are not aware that these individuals are seven times more likely to have symptoms of depression. While all respondents indicated that screening for depression would be beneficial, only nine percent reported that they did assess and none used a standardized method. Based on this data, there appears to be a knowledge gap in care and treatment for clients who experience post-stroke aphasia and symptoms of depression. Standardized assessment tools and protocol development, in addition to specific training, are needed to help ensure quality holistic care of people who have post-stroke aphasia.
THE EFFECT OF PATIENT EDUCATION ON OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: AN UMBRELLA REVIEW
(2024-04-18) Belanger, Jordan; Cushing, Mary; Edberg, Grey; Grafas, Maria; Steinbarger, Kimberly
Background: According to the World Health Organization in 2019, 18 million people worldwide were living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Self-management education is intended to allow persons with RA to manage some aspects of their disease independently, such as function, mental health, pain management, and quality of life. The purpose of this umbrella review was to clarify the efficacy of patient education on function, pain, self-efficacy, and quality of life of those with RA. Methods: A review of existing literature was conducted following the JBI Manual and PRISMA guidelines, utilizing the PICO question ‘In adults with RA, does patient education compared to no education affect the outcomes of function, pain, self-efficacy, and quality of life?’. The following databases were searched: ERIC, Medline/PubMED, Cochrane, Ovid, and CINAHL. A total of 220 articles were initially selected. After abstract and full article screening by the 5 researchers, a total of 9 systematic reviews were included. Results: The most consistent evidence in support of patient education was for the outcomes of reducing pain and depression in patients with RA. Self-management techniques demonstrated strong evidence for the improvement of joint pain. Under quality of life, specifically for depression, there was moderate evidence in support of patient education. Conclusion: Although there was evidence suggesting patient education had positive effects on depression and pain, gaps in the literature remained. Limitations to this study included possible missed article extraction due to words/phrases searched, inherent bias in appraisal and article selection, reporting of existing reviews, and nonconformity of outcome measures utilized in the literature. Recommendations included a focus on patient education techniques for those with pain and depression as their dominant symptoms. Further research was suggested regarding the effect of education on quality of life and function, as well as the efficacy of specific modes of education available.
PROCESS OF DETERMINING QUALITY OF MOVEMENT DURING EXERCISE
(2024-04-18) Jackson, Debra; Polsgrove, Jay
Overview: The dynamic systems perspective suggests that an individual’s movements are unique and identifiable. An effective mover is one who is able to adeptly free and freeze joints to meet the current requirements of the task. Problem: Accepting the complex systems view, the problem then is to describe the effectiveness or quality of an individual’s squat exercise. A potential solution could be found by utilizing insights from the product and the process of movement. The product or quantity of movement during a squat were gained through triaxial accelerometer values and process or quality of movement was achieved through Lower Extremity Functional Scale questionnaire describing the self- perception of movement. The problem of this study was to provide a holistic description of movement and effectively describe the relationship between two different metrics. Methodology: The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient provided the ideal method to compare data from two different value systems. An Excel analysis provided one significant correlation between accelerations to perception ratings. Recognizing the potential for greater comparisons, a Python program was written. Using values from the program meta-analysis revealed interesting patterns of correlation otherwise not seen. Currently, the challenge is to analyze this massive amount of data and create a quality of movement model. Discussion: To determine movement quality, we first established a mental model or predicted patterns of the movement. Using mathematical algorithms data can be simplified to represent patterns of movement for the individual. Comparing these numerical values to self-perception of movement, mathematical analysis provided a rating of movement quality. Such findings could provide meaningful insights for a more effective plan in the clinical or fitness setting. For example, training that uses values of perception and movement acceleration may be able to better address issues of unique movement patterning and therefore provide a more individualized program.
CAN WALKING THE PLANK IMPROVE GAIT?
(2024-04-18) Andrews, Evan; Driscoll, Alyssa; Matte, Kayla; Newcomb, Ryley; Payeur, Mikaylah; Scott, Danielle; Wheelock, Ryan; Sidaway, Ben
Purpose: This study examined the effect of balance practice on narrow planks on the fall risk, balance confidence and gait characteristics of older adults. Participants and methods: The Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale and fear of falling were recorded in 10 older adults (73-91 years). The participants then walked over a 6 m long computerized gait mat at normal and quick walking speeds enabling various gait parameters to be recorded. Following these pretests participants practiced walking along planks that decreased in width with practice. Participants practiced for 30 minutes twice a week for 4 weeks. A post-test was conducted at the end of practice and a retention test was administered a week following practice. Data were analyzed using t-tests and analyses of variance (ANOVA). Results: Practice walking on planks significantly improved DGI and ABC scores. The DGI mean improved from “fall risk” to “no risk” and from “moderate physical functioning” to “high physical functioning.” Analysis of gait parameters revealed significant increases in gait velocity at both speeds along with an increase in stride length. The increase in stride length was accompanied by a significant decrease in stride length variability and stance percentage. Conclusion: Quantitative gait markers of fall risk in older adults showed significant improvement following the plank training. The balance training improved dynamic postural control enabling participants to reduce stance time and thus take longer strides consequently increasing gait speed. The improvement in DGI and ABC scores demonstrate clinically meaningful impacts in both gait performance and self-reported balance confidence.
INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF LOTR-1, SMG-2 AND F52B5.3 IN THE GERM LINE OF C. ELEGANS
(2024-04-18) Kervin, Elizabeth; Marnik, Elisabeth
LOTR-1 is a newly characterized protein found in the germline of Caenorhabditis elegans. LOTR-1 is known to associate with the germ granule in C.elegans where it helps to maintain fertility through regulating what RNAs are made into protein and assists in proper germ granule function. When the germ granule is disrupted, C.elegans show impairment in fertility, as well as improper differentiation of the germline into other cell types. LOTR-1 is thought to be the worm homolog of the human proteins TDRD5 and TDRD7. In humans, these two proteins are normally found in the germline, but are often misexpressed in cancerous cells. Thus, learning more about how their homologs function may help us to understand what might be happening in human cancer cells. Previous research was conducted to identify proteins interacting with LOTR-1 in the germline, however how many of these proteins function is unknown. This project focused on two main things 1) Identifying the homologs of proteins associating with LOTR-1, particularly SMG-2 and F52B5.3 to get insight into their potential role in the germline. 2) Use RNAi and other techniques to determine if reducing the amount of these proteins altered C.elegans fertility. Our work found that F52B5.3 is homologous to a DNA/RNA helicase DHX36 which is known to have a role in spermatogenesis and maintaining genome integrity during transcription and replication. SMG-2 was found to be homologous to UPF2, a regulator of transcripts and to DNA/RNA helicases such as SSBP2 and ELOA2. This gives us a starting foundation to understand more about how these proteins may function in the C.elegans germline. Additionally, we determined that reducing levels of SMG-2 through RNAi reduced the brood size of C.elegans compared to controls, suggesting that SMG-2 is important for maintaining normal fertility. Interestingly, the F2B5.3 RNAi treated worms appeared to have a higher brood size compared to controls, this potentially suggests that F2B5.3 is a negative regulator of fertility. In general, these findings support that these two proteins do have a role in the germline, but more research is needed to understand how they may be functioning.
MICROBUBBLES: THE NEW DELIVERY VESICLES
(2024-04-18) Smith, MacKenna; Purington, Emilia
Microbubbles are bubbles that are composed of an outer shell and an inner core. They are called micro because they can get as small as a red blood cell, <10μm. The core is usually a perfluorocarbon gas, or a thick oil like PEG-40S. The shell is typically a protein or lipid monolayer, allowing for it to be broken down by the body without serious side effects. Microbubbles have been used as contrast agents in ultrasound imaging, but recently came under topic of discussion for other biomedical applications because of their size and composition. The microbubbles in this research project are composed of a thick oil core with a lipid monolayer shell. Microbubbles are currently used as abstract agents for ultrasonic imaging. However, recent studies show they might be used for other things like gene therapy or drug delivery. Through research it is found that microbubbles can have drugs linked onto a lipid shell, either negatively charged drugs linked onto them positive head of the lipid, or drugs can link to the hydrophobic tail of the microbubble. If the drug is not linked to the lipid shell, it is encapsulated in the gas/oil core of the microbubble as it is made. To further reduce side effects of drug delivery, targeting ligands can be added onto the bubble shell in the same linking process as the drugs, to make sure the bubbles are delivered to the correct area. With all the information about microbubbles: size, composition, lack of immune system response etc; leads to the question: what else can it do? Since it is the size of a red blood cell it means it should pass through the blood brain barrier, leading to the potential use for brain diseases.
LOVE WITHOUT LIMITS: ADDRESSING SEXUALITY WITH INDIVDUALS WITH IDD
(2024-04-18) Parkin, Isabel; Rosario, Jacquelyn; Liberty, Jasmine
People with intellectual and developmental disabilities have long been underserved in the area of sexuality, sexual education, and intimacy in health care. Individuals often are assumed to be at one of two extremes - asexual or hypersexual (Coulter, 2023). Concerns are often not addressed by healthcare providers due to discomfort, not being prioritized in treatment, and general lack of knowledge surrounding this population (Schmidt et al., 2021). As a result, many people with IDD feel inadequately educated regarding an important part of their identity and are at increased risk for negative sex and sexual health related outcomes (Coulter, 2023). The purpose of this study was to identify and explore both barriers and facilitators of sexual education and intimacy amongst people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, in addition to exploring the perspective of occupational therapists, educators, and students surrounding comfort level and preparedness to provide services and support to this population. This presentation will provide an overview of a mixed-methods study utilizing surveys to collect current student, educator, and practitioner perspectives. Surveys aimed to 1) explore the perspectives and opinions of students, educators, and practicing occupational therapists (OTs) and 2) identify barriers and facilitators within the profession in addressing sexuality among individuals with intellectual and developmental disability. Surveys utilized a Likert scale, multiple-choice questions, and open-ended questions and were sent nationwide. Descriptive statistics were used to examine frequency and percentages of participant responses and qualitative data was examined for themes. A review of findings includes mixed comfort levels in the OT practitioner population, and higher levels of comfort in the student population. Both populations agreed on resources and the need for a structured curriculum to address sexuality in the IDD population. Coulter, D., Lynch, C., & Joosten, A. V. (2023). 'Exploring the perspectives of young adults with developmental disabilities about sexuality and sexual health education'. Australian occupational therapy journal, 70(3), 380–391. https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1630.12862 Schmidt, E. K., Beining, A., Hand, B. N., Havercamp, S. M., & Darragh, A. (2021). Healthcare providers’ role in providing sexual and reproductive health information to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A qualitative study. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 35(4), 1019–1027. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12861
EFFECTIVENESS OF EXERCISE AS A COPING MECHANISM FOR REDUCING OVERALL STRESS LEVELS IN NURSING STUDENTS
(2024-04-18) Trumbull, Ember
Student nurses are constantly faced with new challenges and stressors, negatively impacting their mental health and ability to cope. Consistent fitness and physical activity is known to produce serotonin and provide stress relief for students across the globe, positively impacting the mental health of nursing students. Regular exercise provides students with a coping mechanism to improve brain function, cognition, stress levels, and overall mental health. The first study examined proclaims “student physical activity is associated with lower stress” (Lepping, et al., 2023, p1). As exercise, or physical activity being the main choice of holistic therapy, students reported “feelings of wholeness” (Kinchen, Leorzel, 2019, p5), when using physical activity to reduce their levels of stress. Students at the University of Montana mention that “exercise was students’ most preferred stress reduction activity” (Yzer & Gilasevitch, 2019, p3). This next study recognizes that “research indicates there is a negative relationship between students’ perceived stress and academic performance” (Meyer & Larson, 2018, p1). There is a need for intervention to reduce those stress levels. Tong, 2021, brings the practice of yoga to provide students with mindfulness. The study claims that “even a 60 minute exercise practice can have an immediate impact on stress reduction” (Tong et al., 2021, p6). Implementing routine exercise among the student population would positively impact nursing students and their stress levels. Based on numerous research findings, nursing students who follow a regular exercise routine have lower stress levels when compared to those who do not engage in physical activity. The evidence gathered proves that exercise positively affects the mind to reduce stress. This would best promote academic integrity and mindfulness, leading to a more positive impact on patients in clinical settings and the future generation of nurses. Kinchen, E. V., & Loerzel, V. (2019). Nursing Students’ Attitudes and Use of Holistic Therapies for Stress Relief. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 37(1), 6–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010118761910Lepping, K. M., Bailey, C. P., Mavredes, M. N., Faro, J. M., & Napolitano, M. A. (2023). Physical Activity, Stress, and Physically Active Stress Management Behaviors Among University Students With Overweight/Obesity. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 17(4), 601–606. https://doi.org/10.1177/15598276211020688Meyer, S., & Larson, M. (2018). Physical Activity, Stress, and Academic Performance in College: Does Exposure to Stress Reduction Information Make a Difference? College Student Journal, 52(4), 452–457.Tong, J., Qi, X., He, Z., Chen, S., Pedersen, S. J., Cooley, P. D., Spencer-Rodgers, J., He, S., & Zhu, X. (2021). The immediate and durable effects of yoga and physical fitness exercises on stress. Journal of American College Health, 69(6), 675–683. https://doi-org.husson.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1705840Yzer, M., & Gilasevitch, J. (2019). Beliefs underlying stress reduction and depression help-seeking among college students: An elicitation study. Journal of American College Health, 67(2), 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1462828
SYNERGISTIC NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS OF METHYLMERCURY AND PER-AND-POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES (PFAS) IN CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS
(2024-04-18) Radzimirski, Anthony; Varney, Abigail; Ireland, Nicholas; Caito, Samuel
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a well-known neurotoxic metal that is a major contaminant of our fish supply. Developmental exposure to MeHg causes cognitive and behavioral dysfunction in children, and cumulative exposure to MeHg has been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease. Recently, it has been determined that fish are becoming increasingly contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFAS are a group of amphipathic compounds which have been used in industry for their unique property to repel both water and oils. While specific PFAS have been phased out of use and production in the United States, the environmental degradation of PFAS is slow. Both MeHg and PFAS have similar characteristics, particularly bioaccumulation and biomagnification up the food chain, ability to accumulate in the brain, and alteration in synaptic transmission of glutamate and dopamine. We therefore hypothesized that MeHg and PFAS co-exposures may synergize and produce more damage to the dopaminergic and glutamatergic nervous systems in Caenorhabditis elgans than single exposures alone. Worms were treated for 72 hours with increasing concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, or PFBS in the presence or absence of a low nontoxic dose of MeHg. Dose-response curves were generated and the lethal dose 50 (LD50) were calculated for each curve. Co-exposure of MeHg with either of the PFAS compounds shifted the dose-response curve to the left of the dose-response curve for PFAS. This suggests that the co-exposure was more toxic than PFAS exposure in worms. Glutamatergic and dopaminergic behaviors were assayed in worms treated with MeHg, PFAS, or MeHg + PFAS combination. For both behaviors, the co-exposure caused more behavioral deficits than MeHg or PFAS alone. Furthermore co-exposure to PFAS and MeHg altered both dopamine and glutamate neurotransmitter content. Taken together, our results suggest that there is a synergistic relationship between exposure to MeHg and PFAS compounds in C. elegans.
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INCLUSION IN THE SCHOOL SYSTEM
(2024-04-18) Michaud, Olivia; Gregoire, Julia; Ali, Amber-Leigh
School-based occupational therapists (OTs) work alongside various education professionals under the umbrella of the individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA) to ensure that children with disabilities have the right to an Individualized Education Plan. Each student under IDEA has a written plan which includes a collaborative approach that must include parent involvement (Lyon, 2022). The role of Occupational Therapists in school based practice is to ensure that children can access education in the classroom, by addressing various areas of performance in school such as the physical, cognitive, and sensory needs of the child (AJOT, 2017). Remaining current and engaging in evidence-based practice is essential for occupational therapy practitioners to be effective in treating children in the school system. One issue OTs face when providing school services is a lack of full knowledge regarding their scope of practice, including the model of pushing in or pulling out for services (AOTA, 2022). This research study examined the perspectives of school based occupational therapists (OTs) in the state of Maine regarding service delivery to students and examine trends around the state. A survey-based study was used to examine the views of OT clinicians regarding knowledge of (1) scope of practice in the school setting, (2) successes and challenges faced during interprofessional collaboration required in this setting, (3) method of pushing into the classroom. The study included 18 Likert-scale responses and 5 open-ended question responses that occupational therapists self-report. Results from the study were examined for frequency and percentages for trends among participants. Demographic data indicated a high percentage of “rural” OTs participated in the study. Trends in the results indicate that OTs are pulling students out of the classroom “most of the time” due to time restraint barriers and limited knowledge of evidence-based practice of using the push in method for service delivery. This presentation will provide an overview of the literature surrounding school based OT, the results of data collected, and implications for the community of practice. Guidelines for occupational therapy services in early intervention and schools. (2017). The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 71(Supplement_2). https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2017.716s01 AOTA. (2022). AOTA Federal Efforts to Support School-Based Practitioners, the GROW SISPs Act and More. Aota.org. https://www.aota.org/advocacy/advocacy-news/2022/federal-efforts-supporting-school-based-practitioners Lyon, S. O. (2023, October 11). Occupational therapy in schools (GUIDE + directory). OT Potential Occupational Therapy Resources. https://otpotential.com/blog/occupational-therapy-in-schools
A SURVEY STUDY EXPLORING THRUST JOINT MANIPULATION CURRICULUMS WITHIN ENTRY-LEVEL DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY PROGRAMS
(2024-04-18) Howland, Chad
Background and Purpose: The Commission of Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) requires entry-level Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) programs to produce students competent in delivering physical therapy interventions, which include thrust joint manipulation (TJM). However, no mandate exists concerning TJM curricular design or what constitutes entry-level competency. This study sought to explore the current state of TJM education and provide an update on curriculum characteristics and standards. Methods and Results: An online-based survey was distributed to accredited entry-level DPT programs between September 2022 to August 2023. Eligible respondents were physical therapist educators serving as the primary instructor in musculoskeletal coursework for the spine or pelvis. The survey collected data on program demographics, instructor demographics, TJM curriculum design, and perceived competency of students specific to TJM of the spine or pelvis. Survey respondents’ data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (n = 78). Survey results showed the highest percentage (78.%) of respondents were board-certified orthopedic specialists (OCS), with less than one-half reporting advanced certifications in spinal manipulative therapy (47.4%). Nearly all respondents (94.8%) viewed TJM as an entry-level skill and considered their students satisfactory or above satisfactory by graduation. Most respondents view TJM of the upper cervical spine as a post entry-level skill (Figure). A disparity between spinal regions taught in TJM curricula was observed, with lumbar TJM representing the highest percentage of responses (98.7%). Conclusion: Compared to a decade ago, a higher percentage of physical therapist educators teaching TJM reported advanced certifications in orthopedics or manual therapy. However, both program and TJM curriculum characteristics appear comparable to previous reports. The results from this study may not be generalizable to all entry-level DPT programs given the low response rate.
IMPROVING QUALITY OF LIFE FOR CANCER SURVIVORS THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A WELLNESS WORKSHOP
(2024-04-18) Cummings, Ashley; Gott, Mallory; Hanning, Amelia; Rowe, Madison; Wasson, Courtney; Slike, Michelle
Research suggests that cancer survivors living in rural communities struggle with adequate resources related to survivorship. Proper education and intervention has been shown to improve life post-diagnosis. The purpose of this project was to design and implement an evidence-based, educational workshop to improve the quality of life for cancer survivors in rural areas of Maine. Following a needs assessment completed through a rural health facility and the YMCA, focus was placed on the following educational topics: physical and mental well-being, fatigue, lymphedema management, and chemo-induced peripheral neuropathy. Two workshops, one in-person and one virtual, were completed in an effort to reach residents in rural areas of Maine. Both workshops were two hours long and were designed and taught by entry-level doctor of physical therapy (DPT) students. Content was delivered using a PowerPoint presentation and active learning strategies. A total of 12 participants completed the workshop, 9 in-person and 3 virtual. Assessment of teaching effectiveness was completed utilizing pre- and post-test assessments, satisfaction surveys, and follow-up phone call interviews 6 months following the competition of the workshop. Strengths identified by the participants during the assessment included organization, informative content, and detailed resources that could be used following the workshops. Weaknesses identified included PowerPoint presentation style and the preference of in-person versus virtual learning. Notably, education on oncology rehabilitation, lymphedema, fatigue management, and chemo-induced peripheral neuropathy led to awareness of resources and enhanced self-care abilities. Wellness resources are lacking for cancer survivors in rural locations throughout the United States. This demand can be met through educational workshops similar to this project. Providing cancer survivors with educational information can improve their quality of life, reduce the risk of recurrence of cancer, and improve the effect of chronic conditions often experienced by cancer survivors.

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