CoB - SoB&M - Faculty Works

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    Droughts, Conflict, and the Importance of Democratic Legitimacy: Evidence from Pre-Industrial Europe
    (SSRN, 2022-02-15) Wigton-Jones, Evan
    This research shows that droughts are robustly associated with city-level unrest in Europe over the years 900 to 1800 CE. This relationship is non-linear, with disproportionately greater increases in the probability of a conflict among droughts in the upper tail of the severity distribution. Elected city governments are relatively immune to drought-induced conflict, while those based on representation by burghers or guilds are not. These results suggest that local governments are key to maintaining social stability during economic shocks, and are most successful when they have a greater degree of democratic legitimacy.
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    THE ECONOMIC UNDERPINNINGS OF THE 2025 U.S. TRADE AND TARIFFS POLICY
    (2025-04-17) Cunningham, Steven R.
    This is a purely economic consideration of the apparent motivations, context, and underpinnings of the 2025 trade and tariff policy initiatives of the Trump Administration. The analysis neither supports nor challenges the validity of the initiatives, but rather attempts to make sense of them based on economic theory, data, and experience. Among the motivations offered by advocates are the needs to rebuild the U.S. manufacturing base, to rectify rising federal debt, and to achieve fairness among trading partners. I analyze each of these in turn. While there is some support for each of these, the issues also prove much more complex. There is supporting evidence that while U.S. manufacturing output has risen in recent decades, its growth is likely somewhat suppressed, and has been surpassed by some trading partners like China. But it is not clear why. U.S. manufacturing employment has declined relative to output, but this is more likely a result of automation in non-labor-intensive production, while off-shoring labor-intensive production. The tariffs could bring in significant revenue, helping to address debt and deficit issues, but at what cost, is it enough, and can it succeed long-term? If reciprocity in rates results in mutually lower tariffs, revenue generation will be limited. And is reciprocity really possible? Based on traditional theories of the effects of inelastic supply limiting the ability of producers to pass on tariffs to buyers, it is possible that, in the short term, the tariffs might not result in significant inflationary pressure. Longer term, this likely would not hold.
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    A REVIEW, ANALYSIS, AND RESTRUCTURING OF THE HUSSON STOCK INDEX
    (2026-04-16) Fraser, Henry; Liu, Jia
    The Husson Stock Index (HSI), developed by Marie Kenney under the supervision of Associate Professor J. Douglas Wellington, aims to track the performance of the Maine Economy through the tracking of various publicly traded companies. These companies are either Maine-based or contribute significantly to the economy in Maine through revenue or employment. Since its introduction, numerous companies have been removed from the index, bringing the total down to 23. Additionally, there has not been a major statistical review of the tracking efforts of the index since its creation. This study aims to identify new companies to be added to the index, create a new weighting system that more accurately represents each company’s contribution to the state, and conduct a statistical review of past performance in relation to the Maine economy. The addition of four new companies and the reformatting of the index proves to be necessary to further the development of the index. The statistical review has shown that the HSI and other relevant large stock indexes are ineffective in tracking the real GDP growth of the Maine economy. Beyond laying the groundwork for future additions of companies and new weighting methods, we also seek to open a new path towards the creation of a tracker for the real GDP growth of the State.
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    SWIPE RIGHT ON LEADERSHIP – GEN Z’S WORK EXPERIENCE PREFERENCES
    (2026-04-16) Camire, Michael; Bland, Elizabeth
    As Generation Z (born 1997–2012) enters the workforce, managers face a potential shift in expectations and supervisory dynamics. Unlike previous cohorts, Gen Z has been shaped by a fully digital upbringing, resulting in both advanced tech fluency and heightened anxiety from navigating between online and offline worlds. Existing research has focused largely on Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials, leaving a gap in understanding how Gen Z’s needs may differ from those of the leaders who will manage them. This study investigates Gen Z’s preferences for supervisory behaviors and workplace conditions through an anonymous online survey distributed via social media platforms. Participants identify their generational cohort, rank ten workplace priorities, and describe ten supervisory practices they most value. Preliminary hypotheses suggest that Gen Z will prioritize meaningful, engaging work, authentic leadership, and stronger work–life balance over traditional career-centered approaches. By illuminating generational differences, this research seeks to inform leadership strategies that foster connection, authenticity, and productivity in the modern workplace.