CoSH - SoHSS - Faculty Works

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LYING AND DECEPTION IN DOMESTIC VIOLENCE RELATIONSHIPS
(2026-04-16) McLaughlin, Alyiah; Smith, Rachelle
Domestic violence is widely recognized as a significant social and psychological issue, however, much of the research has historically focused on physical violence while less attention has been given to the role of deception within abusive relationships. The following literature review examines how lying and deception function within intimate partner violence (IPV), particularly as mechanisms of control used by perpetrators and as survival strategies used by victims. Major psychological concepts discussed include gaslighting, coercive control, trauma bonding, cognitive dissonance, and power-and-control dynamics. Peer reviewed research from psychology and interpersonal violence journals was gathered from Husson University Library, including Academic Search Ultimate. They were then reviewed to understand how deception operates within abusive relationships and the psychological consequences of such deception. Findings across these studies suggest that deception is frequently used by perpetrators to manipulate victims, deny abusive behavior, and maintain power within the relationship. Research also indicates that victims may engage in deception as a protective strategy to avoid escalation of violence or social stigma. To add to this, chronic exposure to deception, particularly gaslighting, has been linked to psychological distress, including anxiety, depression, self-doubt, and trauma symptoms. Overall, the literature supports that deception plays a central role in sustaining abusive dynamics and complicating victims’ ability to seek help. Understanding the psychological mechanisms behind deception in domestic violence relationships is critical, as it can help improve intervention strategies, clinical assessment, and support services for survivors.
IN PROGRESS (ALWAYS) – A RETORSPECTIVE EXHIBITION
(2026-04-16) Delicata, Janelle; Smith, Kathi
Janelle Delicata, MFA, adjunct faculty in Fine Arts will present 25 mixed media artworks, which include a combination of paintings, drawings and assemblage in the WBRC Gallery, Gracie Theatre. In the discipline of Fine Arts, scholarship includes the dissemination of creative works through exhibition. This body of work encompasses visual exploration with abstract and landscape-based forms created over the last 30 years. The works in this show were selected from pieces from the 1990s to 2025. As the artist looked through the work, she recognized recurring forms and shapes. Delicata looks beyond the surface of her motifs and explore what’s not readily visible. Her explorations start in reality but she works intuitively. Delicata believes that her art, like in her life, is a work in progress. It’s an ongoing journey, a constant search and exploration—in progress, always. This sentiment is shared both conceptually and aesthetically by many Modernist art movements, including but not limited to the Abstract Expressionist, Cubists, and even Surrealist artists of the 20th century. Delicata takes a contemporary lens to a familiar subject of form inspired by landscape. Delicata believes that all art is autobiographical in that each artist’s work is influenced and informed by his/her perceptions and life experiences. She interprets influences and forms from land, water, sky and elemental forces to create a personal iconography and language. Her earlier work incorporates more dimensional elements whereas the more recent work, while layered, has more flat surfaces. All include explorations in texture, color, line, and movement. Janelle Delicata was born and raised in Newton, Massachusetts. She lived and worked throughout the eastern United States and Canada before settling in Maine in 1986. She works in several media and likes to “mix things up,” incorporating elements from one medium into another. Delicata earned a BFA at the Maryland Institute, College of Art, Baltimore, MD in 1975 and an MFA at Rochester Institute of Technology’s School for American Crafts, Rochester, NY in 1983 with a major in Weaving & Textile Design and a minor in Jewelry & Metals. She is an artist member of the Maine Crafts Association and a member of the Union of Maine Visual Artists. She owns a small business creating and selling my jewelry and artwork.
“LIKE LITTLE NICKS TO THE SOUL”: FIRST RESPONDERS EXPERIENCES WITH MORAL SUFFERING AND RESILIENCE
(2026-04-16) Dooley, Amanda
First responders are an interdisciplinary group of professionals who are the first to answer calls for help in emergency situations. A widespread problem first responders are facing across disciplines is an increased risk of a myriad of mental health issues and inadequate access to appropriate resources and supports to address such concerns. A potentially significant contributing factor that has been largely unexamined in the scientific literature and remains widely unknown among first responders themselves is moral suffering. Moral suffering refers to a continuum of physical, psychological, and spiritual symptoms that can occur after exposure to a moral stressor. A moral stressor is any event that creates an inner conflict with ones’ moral values. First responders frequently encounter moral stressors on duty due to the nature of their work. The purpose of this qualitative study was to 1) gain a deeper understanding of first responders’ lived experiences with moral suffering and resilience and how they cope with moral stressors encountered in the line of duty and 2) use this knowledge to contribute to addressing the problem through raising awareness with relevant community stakeholders, including first responders themselves, policy makers, and mental health professionals. A small, purposive sample of participants shared their experiences through semi-structured interviews. A detailed analysis using the methodological approach of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) yielded four themes and seven sub-themes that describe participants’ experiences with moral stressors through the types of moral stressors they encountered, how they were affected by their experiences, and how they coped with their experiences. Awareness was raised through the creation of a training presentation on moral suffering and resilience in first responders. The results of this study add to the small, but growing body of research that suggests moral suffering is a significant occupational hazard for first responders.
MORALITY, PIRITUALITY, AND RESIDUAL RELIGION
(2026-04-16) Guthrie, Clifton; Van Tongeren, Daryl
The Residual Religion Hypothesis (RRH; Van Tongeren et al., 2021) proposes that religious influence persists following disaffiliation, gradually fading over time across moral, cultural, and spiritual dimensions. This study tested the RRH among three groups: currently religious individuals, religious "Dones" (formerly religious), and "Nones" (never religious), using measures less commonly applied in this literature. A sample of 1,304 U.S. adults (from an initial 1,500) was recruited via Prolific in March 2025. Participants completed the Morality as Cooperation Questionnaire (MAC-Q), two Gallup-derived items assessing perceptions of moral decline, and the SHALOM 2G spiritual well-being scale. Dones additionally reported time since disaffiliation and whether their prior religious commitment was intrinsic or extrinsic. Contrary to predictions, the MAC-Q revealed no significant group differences in cooperative moral values, including group-preserving domains (Family, Heroism, Deference) hypothesized to be highest among the Religious and to show residual decay among Dones. Religious participants were modestly less pessimistic about the state of U.S. moral values, though this finding warrants caution given the sample was collected in early 2025, a period of significant partisan mood fluctuation following a presidential election. On spiritual well-being, Religious participants reported less dissonance between their ideals and lived experience, but Dones did not differ significantly from Nones, again failing to support RRH. An exploratory finding proved notable: only 20% of Done respondents described themselves retrospectively as having been deeply committed to religious beliefs and practices. This suggests the Done category may be too heterogeneous for clean hypothesis testing and points toward the need for finer-grained classification of religious disaffiliation in future research. A follow-up study (not represented on this poster) was conducted to test this hunch.
BENEFITS OF THERAPEUTIC LIES IN DEMENTIA CARE
(2026-04-16) Johnson, Jayda; Smith, Rachelle
Although deception in healthcare is generally considered to be unethical, therapeutic lies are often used in dementia care, creating a controversial ethical dilemma. Given the frequent use of therapeutic lying by nurses, family members, and other healthcare professionals, I conducted a literature review to investigate the possible benefits of therapeutic lies in dementia care. I hypothesized that patients with dementia would benefit from therapeutic lies, primarily because such lies would reduce their distress. Studies were collected from databases from the Husson University Library, including Academic Search Ultimate, and the National Institute of Health. Participants in the studies reviewed included healthcare workers, family caregivers, and dementia patients. Eighty-eight percent of the studies examined demonstrated clear benefits associated with therapeutic lies. Specifically, despite ethical concerns regarding deception, these lies were found to help decrease distress and lessen agitation for people with dementia. Although one study emphasized the negative impacts of lying to patients with dementia, all other evidence showed that when used appropriately, therapeutic lies provided more psychological and health benefits than telling the truth. The advantages of using therapeutic lies with people with dementia was found to be situation-dependent. Such lies only provided benefits when the patient was unaware of the deception and when honesty would exacerbate distress. These results provide healthcare workers with insight into caring for their patients by using therapeutic lies and highlight the importance of context to ensure ethical behavior. Future research is needed to compare the psychological outcomes between patients who are exposed to therapeutic lying with those who are only told the truth. Additionally, given the empirical benefits of the use of therapeutic lies, guidelines need to be developed to help ensure cohesive and ethical use.
SELF-DECEPTION IN SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER: A BARRIER TO RECOVERY
(2026-04-16) Pickoski, Mikayla; Smith, Rachelle
Substance use disorder (SUD) is characterized by the continued use of substances despite significant cognitive, behavioral, and physiological consequences. One factor that may interfere with recovery from SUD is self-deception, which involves unconscious biases in information processing that favor comforting or desirable beliefs over unpleasant or threatening information. In addiction research, self-deception is often closely related to the concept of denial, and both may prevent individuals from fully recognizing the negative consequences of their substance use. The purpose of this literature review was to examine whether self-deception negatively affects recovery outcomes, particularly abstinence duration, among individuals with SUD. I collected articles through the APA PsycINFO database using search terms related to SUD. Scholarly research articles published between 1986 and 2025 were analyzed. The studies included adult participants diagnosed with SUD who were involved in residential or outpatient treatment programs. Across the studies, researchers used qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches, with many relying on self-report measures to gather data. The findings suggest that higher levels of self-deception are associated with shorter durations of abstinence and lower engagement in treatment-related activities. Research also indicates that participation in recovery programs, particularly 12-step meetings, may be linked to lower levels of self-deception and greater honesty about substance use behaviors. However, reliance on self-report data may introduce response bias. Overall, the literature suggests that self-deception can act as a significant barrier to recovery by limiting self-awareness and accountability in individuals with SUD. Keywords: substance use disorder, self-deception, denial, addiction recovery, abstinence, locus of control
ENHANCING OR ALTERING FOOD FLACORS OR TEXTURES TO ENCOURAGE HEALTHIER EATING
(2026-04-16) Davis, Colby; Hacker, Jessica
This paper is a literature review of recent developments in olfactory reception and general sensory influences on food perception. Different brain processes coordinate to formulate taste perception, including the orbitofrontal cortex, insula, nucleus of the solitary tract, cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X, and taste buds (Shaikh et al., 2023, p. 2). One can train these sensory receptors to be more open to healthy foods. Various methods have been identified, such as positive imaging while eating (Kaya et al., 2025), listening to pleasant music (Guedes et al., 2025), and utilizing proper mindful fasting techniques to alter appetite (Coletta et al., 2009). Combining mindful eating, pleasant presentation, environmental manipulation, and less restrictive eating can help one overcome misconceptions about healthy foods and improve one’s diet. Keywords: taste perception, healthy eating, obesity, emotional food connection, visual masking
CLINICAL MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELORS’ EXPERIENCES WITH MANDATED REPORTING OF CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT IN PENNSYLVANIA
(2026-04-16) Vermileon, Todd
Many phenomenological factors influence counselors when navigating mandated reporting and deciphering reasonable suspicion, such as beliefs, emotions, culture, decision-making, training opportunities, and past experiences (Levi & Crowell, 2011). The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of clinical mental health counselors with mandated reporting of child abuse and neglect in Pennsylvania. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used to analyze the lived experiences of eight clinical mental health counselors. The hermeneutic circle guided data analysis in a parts-to-whole process, which enabled interpretations to transform into phenomenologically crafted texts (Gadamer, 1988, 2004; Heidegger, 1962). Findings revealed global themes among participants relating to the reporting process, decision-making factors, and preparation for the role of mandated reporter. The identification of global themes addressed the study’s research questions and gaps in the counseling field. Implications from the study will be used to inform counselors’ reporting practices, counselor educators’ curricula when training masters-level counseling students, and awareness to facilitate systemic change.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHASE ANGLE AND ANAEROBIC POWER IN RECREATIONAL ACTIVE FEMALES
(2025-04-17) Peterson, Shelby; Linchey, Jaimie; Boyd, James; Houck, Jonathan
Body composition has been reported to be correlated to anaerobic power. In assessing body composition, body fat percentage is the most common value measured, however phase angle, a marker of cellular health using bioelectrical impedance (BIA), has shown promise as a method of determining anaerobic power for comparison. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relation between phase angle measurements and an individual's ability to produce upper and lower extremity power, used as a measure of performance. The preliminary data required 9 volunteer participants to follow pretest guidelines and attend 3 sessions including informed consent, BIA, and body composition analysis (visit 1). The purpose of this visit was to collect phase angle (PhA), and body composition data. A randomized upper and lower body 30 second Wingate test was then completed (visit 2-3). Upper and lower body peak power (PP) and fatigue index (FI%) were collected. Descriptive statistics included mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum were performed for all outcome measurements. Pearson’s correlation was conducted to determine strength of correlation between variables. PhA shows a stronger correlation to upper body PP than body fat percentage, r (7)=0.56; r(7)=0.27. PhA shows a weaker correlation to lower body PP than body fat percentage, r (7)=0.32; r(7)=0.66. For upper body FI%, a stronger negative correlation exists with PhA compared to body fat percentages r(7)=-0.54; r(7)=0.00. In lower body FI%, a stronger negative correlation exits with PhA compared to body fat percentages r(7)=-0.44; r(7)= -0.12. Current collected evidence suggests PhA as a valuable marker of predicting PP in upper body and overall FI% of recreational active females. However, body fat percentages was better correlated to lower body PP.
BEYOND CHEATING: CULTIVATING AI LITERACY THROUGH WRITING AND ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORKS
(2025-04-17) Roderick, Ryan
As generative AI technologies become increasingly integrated into educational environments, it is essential to consider how they shape human learning, creativity, and decision-making. While generative AI presents significant opportunities for augmenting knowledge creation, it also introduces challenges around ethical use, assessment, and pedagogy. To address these complexities, this poster presentation focuses on the evolving concept of AI Literacy—a broad and multifaceted skill set that includes prompt engineering, human-AI co-creation, ethical AI engagement, and AI-augmented higher order thinking. Drawing on frameworks from rhetoric and composition studies, I define AI Literacy as a social and rhetorical competency: the ability to critically interact with AI systems, understand their embedded biases, and navigate their use within specific contexts. Rather than treating AI as a replacement for human cognition, I consider how it can supplement and extend it by building on Bloom’s Taxonomy. A widely adopted framework in educational assessment, Bloom’s Taxonomy offers a starting point for exploring how learners collaborate with AI through iterative prompting, evaluation, and adaptation. By examining these interactions, we uncover strategies for recognizing and cultivating AI Literacy in educational settings. This work aims to support educators in designing learning experiences that promote critical, ethical, and effective engagement with generative AI.
EFFECTS OF TASK-SWITCHING AND PROACTIVE CONTROL ON METATMEMORY REGULATION
(2025-04-17) Hacker, Jessica
Past researchers have proposed a relationship between cognitive control and metamemory and several studies have provided the most support for a relationship between task-switching and metamemory regulation. Nevertheless, the evidence has been correlational. To my knowledge, the present study was the first to include an experimental manipulation incorporating a dual-task that required task-switching within a feeling of knowing (FOK) paradigm to directly observe the effects of task-switching on FOK accuracy. Research on cognitive control has demonstrated that engaging in proactive cognitive control typically leads to better performance in cognitive tasks and that young adults are naturally biased to engage in proactive control. Furthermore, cognitive control styles can be manipulated through a variety of means. I had a secondary interest in participants' metamemory awareness. Particularly if knowledge of task demands would lead participants to study word pairs longer in the dual-task block study phase relative to the single-task block study phase. The sample consisted of 191 healthy young adults (Mage = 19.34, SD = 1.57). I predicted that task switching would decrease FOK accuracy as well as the ability to engage in proactive control. These hypotheses were supported; however, study duration did not differ between the single and dual-task blocks. Importantly, the present study provided empirical evidence for a relationship between task-switching and metamemory regulation and provided a basis for which to further investigate this relationship.
TREATING MORAL INJURY FOR THE MODERN WARRIOR WITH EAS (EQUINE ASSISTED SERVICES)
(2025-04-17) Grant, Justin M.; Mahoney, Tara; Decker, Kimberley; Hacker, Jessica
Moral Injury (MI) is a profound psychological and spiritual wound resulting from experiences that violate deeply held moral beliefs, often occurring in high-stakes situations involving a betrayal of what is right by a legitimate authority. For American military veterans, MI can stem from combat-related actions such as harming others, witnessing death, or failing to prevent morally distressing events. Left unaddressed, MI can lead to lasting emotional, cognitive, behavioral, spiritual, and social consequences. Equine Assisted Services (EAS) offers a promising approach to addressing MI by leveraging the innate characteristics of horses, which are highly attuned to human emotions and nonverbal cues. Research has demonstrated that equine interactions support emotional regulation and facilitate trust, self-awareness, and connection—key elements in moral repair. The process of moral repair focuses on restoring integrity, addressing grief, making amends, and rebuilding hope and trust. By engaging with horses in a structured and supportive environment, veterans can experience a unique form of nonjudgmental acceptance that fosters healing and resilience. Studies suggest that therapeutic riding and Chaplain-enabled Equine Assisted Activities may be particularly effective in treating MI among veterans, given the significant overlap between MI and PTSD symptoms. Through equine interactions, veterans can reconnect with their values, work through moral dilemmas, and rebuild their sense of self and purpose. This presentation will explore best practices in EAS for treating MI, emphasizing ethical considerations for both horse and human. It will also address the stigma surrounding MI and highlight the importance of expanding awareness and access to collaborative therapeutic interventions for those who have served and still served. By integrating EAS into active duty and veteran care, we can offer a compassionate, effective pathway toward healing, moral reconciliation, and renewed hope for those affected by the invisible wounds of war.
Constructing Adult Literacies at a Local Literacy Tutor-Training Program
(2013) Roderick, Ryan
This study investigates how literacy was constructed at an adult literacy organization’s volunteer tutor-training program. By drawing on qualitative analysis of training texts used during training, such as training evaluations, and data gathered from interviews with experienced tutors, it is possible to identify the assumptions about literacy constructed by the training program and tutors’ training practices. Tutors seemed to present mixed assumptions about literacy: students simultaneously were given authority over their own literacy practices and literacy goals, while a sentiment of universally valued reading and writing skills was also present in terms of achieving fluency.
Improving Instructor Ethos through Document Design
(2019) Wolfe, Joanna; Roderick, Ryan; Francioni-Rooney, Andrea
Despite much attention given to visual rhetoric in Composition, there is evidence that most first-year writing instructors overlook document design, both in their instruction and in the documents they produce for their students. These instructors may be underestimating the role that visually informative prose (that uses document design features such as chunking and visual hierarchy) can play both in helping students understand assignment objectives and in establishing a student-centered ethos in their classrooms. To illustrate how visually informative prose helps shape student perceptions of instructors, 166 first-year undergraduates responded to two assignment prompts: a visually informative and a minimally designed prompt. Students perceived the instructor who wrote the visually informative prompt as more experienced, enthusiastic, and caring than the instructor who wrote the minimally designed prompt, and they found the task more interesting when it was presented in the visually informative prompt. These findings suggest that creating visually informative classroom materials is a relatively low-cost/high-payoff strategy that can positively shape students' perceptions of the instructor and assignments.
Becoming a Scholar: Genre Knowledge, Self-Regulation, and a Graduate Student’s Transition from MA to PhD
(2020) Roderick, Ryan; Moreau, Craig
This study takes a close look at how prompted self-reflection on writing intervenes in a graduate student’s development of self-regulation and genre knowledge as he transitions from MA to PhD program in rhetoric. We present the case of one graduate student, ‘Eric,’ who was explicitly taught conventions and strategies for writing and prompted to reflect on writing projects over several semesters using an in-process protocol. Aligning data from in-process protocols, interviews, and drafts of Eric’s writing, we construct a fine-grained narrative that shows a complex and recursive relationship among Eric’s development of knowledge about academic genres, self-regulation practices, and sense of scholarly identity. This narrative raises questions about how genre knowledge and self-regulation inform each other in graduate-level writing, and it offers an example of a self-regulation intervention that may help graduate students develop specialized ways of writing.
Writing about Writing Processes: Self-regulation and Process Logs
(2020-10-01) Roderick, Ryan
In this blog post, I consider how WAW pedagogies might benefit from research on self-regulation of writing. Self-regulation refers to an ability to monitor and control knowledge and practices in pursuit of a goal. Drawing on self-regulation research, I present a prompt I call the “process log” that encourages students to self-regulate their writing. Then, I analyze some of the process logs I’ve collected as part of IRB-approved studies, to offer some examples of what researchers might learn when using process logs as an artifact of analysis. Ultimately, I suggest that WAW courses might use the process log as a way to encourage students to write about writing processes.
Using Signs of Student Engagement to Revise a First-year Writing Curricula
(2021-08) Roderick, Ryan; Crowley, Adam; Talty, Morgan
This article shares the development of a first-year writing curricula developed for Husson University and based on a Writing about Writing approach. We drew on data across sections and semesters to look broadly at how students engaged with a course website and more narrowly at individual students writing. From these sources, we piece together a limited but useful sense of student engagement and describe how such observations can inform curricular revision of an undergraduate writing course.
Self-Regulation and Rhetorical Problem Solving: How Graduate Students Adapt to an Unfamiliar Writing Project
(2019-07) Roderick, Ryan
Research on writing and transfer has shown that writers who have sophisticated rhetorical knowledge are well equipped to adapt to new situations, yet less attention has been paid to how a writer’s adaptability is influenced by their writing processes. Drawing on Zimmerman’s socio-cognitive theory of self regulation, this study compared the writing processes taken up by graduate student writers composing a research proposal for their final project in a tutor-training practicum. Findings from process logs, interviews, and drafts differentiated self-regulation strategies associated with varying degrees of success. The more successful writers framed problems in terms of potential solutions, used problems to set goals, and reacted to problems by creating a narrative of progress; in contrast, less successful writers avoided problems or framed them as dead-ends. Compared to the less successful writers, the more successful writers concluded the project with robust knowledge about research proposal writing. These findings suggest that self-regulation strategies may be linked to an ability to develop rhetorical knowledge and practices in the face of challenging writing situations.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND ITS LONG-LASTING IMPACT ON WOMEN’S HEALTH
(2023-04-20) Helwig, Shelby; Wagner, Alexis
Domestic violence (DV), also known as intimate partner violence, is experienced by many women. In fact, 1 in 7 Maine women report abuse from their intimate partners. In this research, I conducted a literature review to investigate the types of DV and how each impacts women’s mental health. I investigated this research question in two ways: (1) I examined published studies regarding DV and how it impacts the victims involved and (2) I determined if there is a correlation between abuse and long-lasting mental health problems. I searched for relevant articles on DV, domestic abuse, intimate partner violence, and mental health. I selected eight representative articles published between 2002 – 2021 in journals such as Partner Abuse, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Violence Against Women, and Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. All of these articles demonstrated that women who are abused currently or have previously been in an abusive relationship are negatively impacted mentally, emotionally, and financially. Women can experience many forms of abuse: physical, mental, emotional, and financial. Victims of each type of domestic abuse reported high rates of depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms with suicide attempts being three times higher in intimate partner violence survivors. Even further, DV impacts women’s physical health and many women are murdered by current or ex intimate partners. 40% of women who are murdered are killed by intimate partners and, in Maine, 43% of all murders are DV homicides. Moving forward, It is critical that healthcare and other organizations develop strategies to recognize the red flags of abuse and help protect women from their abusive situation before it escalates even further. In Maine, programs that can address a higher volume of victims with a focus on women scared to report could assist with the epidemic of DV.
THE STRESS IMPACTS OF RELOCATION ON ELDERLY
(2023-04-20) Helwig, Shelby; Blackie, Teagan
Moving into an assisted living facility can be a challenge and also place stress on the elderly, their caregivers, and their families. Specific stressors that the elderly face when moving into an assisted living facility include fear of losing family, memory, physical mobility, and freedom. I conducted a literature review to investigate how the stress of moving into an assisted living facility impacts an elder’s mental and physical health. I investigated this research question from multiple perspectives including the staff, family, and the elderly. I looked for articles that focused on moving into an assisted living facility, what the signs of depression and other mental health issues are in elderly, and what impact this move has on the family. I identified eight research articles published between 1995-2019 in journals such as Issues in Mental Health Nursing, Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, and Aging and Mental Health. These articles identified multiple pathways between elders moving into a long term care facility and stress. From a family perspective, family members were surprised and felt a sense of guilt when placing their elders into a home. From a staff perspective, burnout is prevalent due to overwork and understaffing. Unfortunately, families’ guilt and staff’s burnout can increase stress experienced by the elders in the care facilities. Additionally, stress driven by uncertainty, unfamiliarity, the fear of aging, as well as health and cognitive decline are related to greater stress during a transition to a care facility. When completing this literature review, I had a hard time finding articles that directly addressed the impact of transitioning into a care facility. The elderly population is growing and needs to be taken care of, thus, it is important for researchers to further research on this issue.

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